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原因在於討論理想氣體模型時,我們並未考慮氣體分子的結構,對於雙原子(或多原子)分子,分子的轉動動能也是內能的一部份。
Theorem of the equipartition of Energy (Maxwell)
Every kind of molecule has a certain number f of degrees of freedom, which are independent ways in which the molecule can store energy. Each such degree of freedom has associated with it---on average---an energy of kT/2 per molecule (or RT/2 per mole).
每一個獨立的運動模式稱為一自由度(degree of freedom),內能和能夠儲存能量的自由度有關。